PPARGC1A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, TNFα and IL1β treatment of Hep3B human hepatoma cells and mice resulted in decreased expression of RXRα, PPARα, PPARγ, LXRα, as well as their co-activators PGC1α and PGC-1β, which may contribute to the cytokine induced modulations in hepatic energy homeostasis [53].