INS and Anxiety: In prediabetic (hyperglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic) mice fed for 55 weeks with a 30% kcal fat diet, the anxiolytic effects of intranasal insulin are somewhat diminished (Marks et al., 2009): intranasal insulin failed to reverse the anxiogenic effects of DIO in the light/dark box test while it attenuated anxiety in the elevated plus maze and the marble-burying test.