However, metabolically healthy obese subjects have plasma levels of adiponectin similar to lean controls (Aguilar-Salinas et al., 2008; Morrison et al., 2011; Doumatey et al., 2012) suggesting that adiponectin levels changes are secondary to metabolic disturbances found in obesity. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.