For example, although we have shown that TNF will increase local permeability in two mouse models of metastasis and the pattern of receptor expression is similar in human metastatic cancer, species-specific alterations in TNFR1 and TNFR2 signaling pathways may give rise to different effects in human. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1B; the disease is metastatic malignant neoplasm.