VWF and von Willebrand disease (hereditary or acquired): Some success has been reported with thalidomide in angiodysplasia with or without VWD but this agent has a high incidence of side effects.67,68 Most recently striking successes have been reported using atorvastatin which has been utilised for its anti-angiogenic effect, but further trials will be required to determine whether this is reproducible.69,70 Moreover, the characterisation of the molecular pathways through which VWF regulates angiogenesis will provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of angiodysplastic GI bleeding.