A significant difference in challenge virus peak vRNA loads was noted for the comparison of vaccinees exposed to the pathogenic SIVsmE660 during the chronic phase of live-attenuated Rev-Ind Nef ̄SIV infection (Groups 1 + 2) with that of RMs during acute Rev-Ind Nef ̄SIV infection (Group 3) (P=0.016 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test, two-sided; Figure 2B and E, versus H). Here, S100B is linked to infection.