We assessed efficacy by: counting the number of tumours; measuring the diameter of the largest tumour; measuring abundances of the gastrin-dependent genes, chromogranin A, histidine decarboxylase, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2 in tumour biopsies, all of which are increased in type 1 gastric NETs [42-45]; and measuring plasma CgA concentration. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and neoplasm.