PTEN and cardiovascular disorder: It is noteworthy that PTEN is a key molecule in the development of many cardiovascular diseases because PTEN is widely expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and fibroblasts where it modulates hypertrophy, contractility, cell survival/apoptosis and metabolism via its target molecules, phosphoinositide- 3kinases (PI3Ks) and Akt [39].