2A3 prophylaxis resulted in cytokine and chemokine profiles similar to infection with Δhla (Fig. 7): IL-1β, IL-17, IL-6 and IFN-γ as well as chemokines G-CSF, KC, MIP-2 and MCP-1α/β were significantly increased in skin lesions 8 and/or 24 h post infection relative to lesions from mice that received the R347 control (Fig. 7). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is infection.