TNF and Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease: To assess the expressions of inflammatory cytokines following infection with DM-C, we quantified the amount of representative proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of infected mice.