At 6 and/or 12 hours post inoculation, important markers for infection and defense, including PR1 (At2g14610), PAD4 (At3g52430) and EDS1 (At3g48090) [20] are up-regulated in mock versus treated samples, and the gene lists for treated samples at 6 and 12 hpi include numerous TIR-NB-LRR resistance genes, transcription factors and stress-response genes. This evidence concerns the gene TMEM37 and infection.