TLR2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Indeed, DEN treatment causes an attenuation of the ASK1/p38 MAPK/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling [22], [23] but an increase in the activity of JNK pathways (Figure 3A) in livers from TLR2-deficient mice, suggesting that HCC cells containing higher ROS and DNA damages have more chance to survive in TLR2−/− livers.