Additional support for the importance of an immune response for cancer elimination can be garnered from clinical data with robust long-term follow up showing the ability of systemic IL-2, anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and the adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes to induce tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (18, 19). The gene discussed is IL2; the disease is metastatic melanoma.