However, the large number of points approaching the middle of the vertical axes in Figure 3 suggests that many other gene variants in the enriched pathways may contribute to risk of CD, RA and T1D; from our estimates of  and  (Figure 2), approximately 38, 45 and 59 independent risk variants are, in expectation, hidden among Measles, cytokine signaling and IL-2 signaling genes, respectively. Here, IL2 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.