These downsides include increases in the number of prostate biopsies (which can be painful and have a risk of causing infection), as a result of abnormal PSA screen results; overdiagnosis, (i.e. the detection of cancers that would never become clinically apparent or problematic); and increased treatment and treatment-related adverse effects (impotence and incontinence) [3-5]. Here, KLK3 is linked to erectile dysfunction.