The fact that nIIP tends to occur during the recovery phase of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia has been attributed to a wide variety of cytokines, including G-CSF or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) [9, 10], since G-CSF- or GM-CSF-related lung injuries have been reported [11, 12]. Here, CSF3 is linked to Decreased total leukocyte count.