ADMA has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,33 and an inducer of apoptosis in endothelial cells.25 However, it also antagonizes glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by upregulation of Bcl-2 in PC12 cells.34 These results suggest that the function of ADMA in apoptosis is cell type-specific. This evidence concerns the gene BCL2 and cardiovascular disorder.