In conclusion, the present study suggests, for the first time, that profilin-1 is a downstream molecule that mediates endothelial injury induced by AGEs via the ROS/PKC or ROS/NF-κB signalling pathways, and blockade of profilin-1-mediated biological effects may help to prevent endothelial injuries and vascular lesions in diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus.