We observed that tumor SCC-173 and SCC-104 (mean pack years smoked = 86) contained high amounts of Sp1-GATA4 and Sp1-GATA6 complexes bound to the α7-nAChR promoter (Fig. 4D, bottom two panels), whereas the tumors SCC-103 and SCC-112 (mean pack years smoked = 45) contained lower amounts of Sp1-GATA4 and Sp1-GATA6 complexes associated with the α7-nAChR promoter (Fig. 4D, top two panels). Here, SP1 is linked to neoplasm.