Despite the fact that the deletion and the pharmacological inhibition of the Nox complex promotes an anti-inflammatory microglial activation after LPS injection, we present here strong evidence that Nox2 plays an important role in modulating the inflammatory response induced by 6-OHDA through a TNF-α/NF-κB mediated signaling pathway, a likely mechanism whereby gp91phox-/- 6-OHDA lesioned mice may be more susceptible to develop PD after microglial cell inhibition. Here, TNF is linked to Parkinson disease.