Because TSIs rather than TSH activate TSHR in GD and drive hyperthyroidism [12], [13], these mAbs (M22, 2 μg/mL) were tested and found to induce IL-6 after 16 h by 22- and 46–fold in fibroblasts and fibrocytes, respectively (Fig. 1C) (both p<0.001). Here, TSHR is linked to hyperthyroidism.