CCL2 and anemia (phenotype): We recommend with view on future EAHEC outbreaks longitudinal analysis of (1) CD46, CD55 and CD59 expression levels on erythrocytes and leukocytes, (2) serum markers of complement activation and protection (C3, C3a/C3b and other degradation products, factor B, factors C5 to C9 of the membrane attack complex MAC and degradation products thereof, factor H), (3) blood parameters of azotemia and anemia (hemoglobin, thrombocytes, urea and creatinine), (4) L-selectin and LFA-1 expression levels on leukocytes and (5) serum levels of CCL2/MCP-1 and IL8.