However, the presence of anti-AQP1 autoantibodies in patients diagnosed with MS is not surprising, since NMO-IgG and anti-AQP4 autoantibodies have been detected in patients diagnosed with MS (∼4% [18] to 25% [8]) and it was recently shown that sera from many MS patients bind to synthetic peptides corresponding to cytoplasmic epitopes of AQP4 [31]. This evidence concerns the gene AQP1 and neuromyelitis optica.