MACF1 KO also significantly exacerbated TAC-induced hypertrophy of left atria, right ventricle and right atria as indicated by their weight or their ratios to bodyweight (Figure 2B-2D) or tibial length (not shown), indicating significantly more cardiac hypertrophy occurs in MACF1 KO hearts than in WT hearts in response to TAC. This evidence concerns the gene MACF1 and cardiac hypertrophy.