ACLA are found in approximately 50% of people infected with HIV (versus ∼2% of uninfected controls) and are strongly linked with the level of viral replication, the level of B cell activation and the level of MPER-specific Abs [37], [38]; however, these Abs are usually not associated with APS manifestations and are not dependent on β2GPI for binding [39]. Here, DDX41 is linked to autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.