There were also a surprising number of genes involved in development, differentiation, and stem cell renewal strongly induced or upregulated by infection, including FoxA1, Spint1, Lin 28B, En2, Gabrq, Esx1, Trim71, Trp73, Cpne5, Cdh7, Cited 1, Pou4f1, and Jag2. The relevance of these genes, as well as others including Art3, Ugt8, and Trank1 to infection is not clear. Here, CPNE5 is linked to infection.