MAP1LC3A and infection: To further determine the reason of the late autophagosome accumulation upon infection, we used stably expressing mRFP-GFP-LC3-HeLa cells that allow for the distinction between autophagosomes (GFP+RFP+ puncta) and autolysosomes (GFP−RFP+ puncta) due to the quenched signal of the GFP in acidic compartments [30], [31].