Patients most likely to benefit from surgery include those with a biopsy Gleason score ≤ 8, the serum PSA level < 20 ng/ml, and the tumor ≤ cT3a (11); these criteria are currently recommended by the European Urology Association (5) for surgery in locally advanced prostate cancer (12). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.