Sites covered by fewer than eight reads in the tumor and the germline samples were excluded, as were SNVs for which the non-reference allele frequency was greater than 0.05 in the germline sample or less than 0.2 in the tumor sample, and also variants that were identified in more than one sample (with the exception of the KRAS and BRAF oncogenic hotspot mutations). Here, KRAS is linked to neoplasm.