In IUGR rat offspring, reduced nephron number is associated with tubular changes including increased expression of the renal tubular Na+ : K+ : 2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2) and altered the Na+ : K+ ATPase activity responsible for a tendency to sodium retention and a higher sensitivity to high salt intake [80, 154–160]. Here, SLC12A1 is linked to fetal growth restriction.