Preliminary PCR analysis of markers associated with M1 versus M2 development demonstrated increased mRNA levels of M2-associated markers CD206 and FIZZ1 [67] [68] in oviducts of IL-17-/- mice at day 6 (data not shown) while iNOS and CD86 transcripts were higher in WT mice compared to IL-17-/- mice, findings consistent with an M2 bias early in infection of the IL-17 knockout mice. This evidence concerns the gene RETNLB and infection.