We use non-malignant HEK‐293 cells as well as prostate cancer (PC‐3), mammary gland carcinoma (MCF‐7) and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco‐2) since expression of intracellular CLU isoforms and/or different CLU mRNA variants has been reported in these cells and for these types of cancer [14,39,54]. Here, CLU is linked to colorectal adenocarcinoma.