However, supernatants of activated CVID PBMCs showed that for all conditions, CVID cells actually produced less IFN-γ than similarly treated control cells (for anti-CD3+ CD28, p= 0.03; for PHA p=0.02) and there were no differences between cells of CVID subjects with or without inflammatory complications (Figure 10). This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and common variable immunodeficiency.