TGFB1 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: In our previous study, we found that FSGS mice show increased expression of renal TGF-β1 protein [15], and, in the present study, we demonstrated an increase in levels of its downstream protein Col-IV in the kidney, again supporting the idea that Citral protects the kidney from renal fibrosis in FSGS mice by blocking the TGF-β1-dependent fibrosis pathway (Figure 1E).