Variations of the glycosylation of individual proteins has been associated with kidney diseases and metabolic disorders which affect kidney function such as those in hinge-region, O-linked glycosylation associated with IgA-mediated nephropathies [54], [55] and podocyte flattening suggested to be dependent upon incorrect glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan [56]. The gene discussed is DAG1; the disease is kidney disorder.