Numerous alterations within the brain of AD patients have been identified after post-mortem analyses: brain deposition of senile plaques containing Aβ peptide, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, reduced synaptic density, neuro-inflammation, and extensive cell death in different structures critically involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory [2]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.