SPN and ischemia: Recently serial studies byNahrendorf and co-workers have provided ample evidence that mouse Ly6C+ monocytes,the counterpart to rat CD43+ monocytes, is the therapeutic target for manyinflammatory diseases [9,10,43-45], especially atherosclerosis and MI.Specifically, Ly6C+ monocytes infiltrate to the ischemia area early after MI (day 1to 4) and exhibited phagocytic, proteolytic, and pro-inflammatory functions.