EPCAM and cancer: Some of the upregulated genes are related to CSC/’cancer stemness’ such as CXCR4, CD133, EPCAM and SOX9[5], [6], [24], while others are associated with apoptosis (FASLG, TJP2, DUSP4), the MAPK pathway (MAP2K4, DUSP4), and chemoresistance (MMP1, an ETS1 target gene) [32], [33].