However, the preliminary evidence suggested that the C9orf72 mutation rates in patients with clinically diagnosed ALS in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan were much lower than that observed in Caucasian populations (Ogaki et al., 2012; Tsai et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2012; Jang et al., 2013), which implied that the number of repeats varied greatly due to different nationalities and ethnicities. This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.