Evidence of deregulated secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β recently supported IL-1 inhibition as a target therapy for TRAPS and IL-1 inhibitors, such as the human IgG1 anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab and the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, have shown to induce a prompt and complete disease remission [21]–[25]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.