In several models of neuropathic pain, expression of TNF-α and TNFR1 is up-regulated in the spinal dorsal horn (Ikeda et al., 2007; Wei et al., 2007), and elevated levels of TNF-α induce spinal LTP in a JNK-, p38 MAPK-, and NF-κ B-dependent fashion (Liu et al., 2007). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neuropathic pain.