Boschetti et al. also documented an increase of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells in 20 of 25 IBD patients after a single dose of anti-TNFα; however, they underlined that Treg frequency increased also in one nonresponder subject, and 3 of 5 IBD patients in whom peripheral Treg level did not change after anti-TNFα therapy were clinical responders [23]. Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.