SDC1 and colonic neoplasm: Knockdown of syndecan-1 causes augmented paracellular permeability in in vitro monolayers of the HT29 colon cancer cell line, while heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 deficient mice display increased intestinal protein loss that can be prevented by the parenteral administration of heparins, including 2,3-de-O-sulfated heparin, which does not have any anticoagulant properties (163).