TLR5 and Cowden disease: In these studies, BALBc/J mice treated with DSS and orally challenged with LF82, the reference strain for AIEC that has the ability to adhere to and invade IECs (12) and notably colonizes the inflamed mucosa of ileal CD patients (13), worsened the severity of colitis and induced a sevenfold increase in colonic tissue levels of TLR5 compared to mice infected with a mutated strain of LF82 that lacks the fliC gene encoding flagellin (11).