In CF patients TGFβ1 was significantly lower in induced sputum (IS) than in serum (median IS/WB 76.5/35.1 × 103, mean 79.53/34.29 × 103, range 42.2–195/(9.8–53.7) × 103 pg/mL; P < 0.0001) (see Table 2). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.