UOX and gout: After insulation of circuit-transgenic cells by encapsulation in immunoprotective microcontainers (Auslander et al, 2012b) and implantation in urate oxidase-deficient mice developing gout, the circuit autoconnected to peripheral circulation, sensed the pathologically high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream of the animals, activated the expression of a secretion-engineered version (smUox) of the clinically licensed Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase (Rasburicase) driven by PUREX8, and thereby reduced the levels of uric acid to subpathological levels (Figure 5A) (Kemmer et al, 2010).