Finally, Chiappori et al, using an immunofluorescence-based automated quantitative technique, scoring RRM1, ERCC1 and TOPOII levels in tumour specimens, reported that TOPOII mRNA expression predicted for better response while ERCC1 mRNA expression was the only independent prognostic factor for survival; conversely, there was no prognostic or predictive role for any of these genes in ES-SCLC [38]. The gene discussed is RRM1; the disease is neoplasm.