OCLN and infection: To determine whether curcumin affected replication of RSV, expression of claudin-4 and occludin, barrier function, formation of virus filaments, virus budding, and production of proinflammatory cytokines [11], HNECs were pretreated with 0.1–10 μg/ml curcumin 30 min before infection with RSV at an MOI of 1 for 24 h.