Emphasizing the potential importance of these cytokines for kidney pathophysiology, a human kidney transcriptomics approach disclosed that TRAIL and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG/OCIF/TNFRSF11B) [19] were the apoptosis-related genes most highly expressed in diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most frequent form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) [16]. Here, TNFRSF11B is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.