TXN and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Transgenic overexpression of TRX and the systemic administration of recombinant human thioredoxin (rhTRX) are effective in a wide variety of inflammatory disease models, such as viral pneumonia, acute lung injury, pancreatitis, myocarditis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and indomethacin-induced gastric injury (4, , , , –9).