TNNI3 and heart failure: Blood biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is widely used in clinical practice as the gold standard for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction [2], but plasma cTnI concentrations may be falsely elevated in certain cardiac as well as non cardiac diseases such as severe heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, severe sepsis and septic shock [3-6].