TNF and infection: In this study we demonstrated that high levels of exogenous NO in a concentration-dependent manner significantly downregulated the production of TNF-α and IL-8 cytokines by PMN from patients with type-II diabetes following LPS stimulation which may suggest that under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia, modulation of PMN response to infection may be dependent upon NO bioavailability, a factor that may be central to the propagation of diabetes related complications.